The first phase of periodontitis is often called gingivitis, which is gum inflammation caused by bacteria at the gum line. A characteristic sign of the inflammation is that the gums bleed when you brush your teeth or use dental floss.
If the inflammation spreads deeper into the tissues, the bone can also be affected, leading to periodontitis. Without treatment, teeth can be lost completely. Gum inflammation most often occurs due to inadequate oral hygiene, but it can also be caused by other factors such as smoking, heredity, specific bacteria, and diabetes.
To prevent or reduce the risk of periodontitis, you should maintain your oral hygiene through daily dental care, regular dental hygiene visits, and preferably quit smoking. Treatment of gum inflammation rarely involves antibiotics.
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