A dental infection usually occurs as a result of tooth decay and poor oral hygiene. However, it can also occur 
due to previous dental work or an accident.
When a dental infection occurs, a localized accumulation of pus forms in the mouth (also called a dental abscess) because the underlying cause has not been treated. Symptoms of a dental infection often include swelling, pain, and hypersensitivity in the affected area. An infection in the tooth can be dangerous, as without treatment, a dental infection can spread to other areas of the jaw, sinuses, neck, and in the worst cases, to the brain.
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Caries and cavities are among the most common dental conditions. Up to 91% of all adults between 20–64 have one or more cavities. About 27% of the same age group also suffer from untreated caries. Treating caries early is extremely important to prevent complications such as a dental infection from arising.
Anyone suffering from a dental infection should see a dentist as soon as possible to prevent the infection from spreading. One of the first measures a dentist usually recommends is antibiotics to treat the dental infection. Certain antibiotics work better than others for treating dental infections, and in many cases, there are also over-the-counter medications available at your local pharmacy to alleviate the symptoms of a dental infection.
When are antibiotics needed for a dental infection?
Dentists only suggest treating a dental infection with antibiotics at the clinic; however, not all dental infections require antibiotics.
In some cases, it is sufficient for the dentist to drain the infected area, remove the infected tooth, or perform a root canal to resolve the problem.
A dentist avoids suggesting antibiotics until it is clear that they are absolutely necessary to treat the dental infection. Antibiotic treatment is often necessary when the dental infection is serious and has begun to spread to other areas, or when the affected person has a weakened immune system.
Different types of antibiotics
Even though antibiotics can help treat a dental infection, it is important to use the appropriate antibiotics for each situation.
The type of antibiotic a dentist recommends for dental infections varies depending on the type of bacteria that caused the infection. This is because different antibiotics work in different ways to eliminate different types of bacteria.
There can be over 150 different types of bacteria in the mouth, and many of these bacteria have the potential to grow and cause a dental infection.
Penicillin
Penicillin is a common type of antibiotic used for dental infections and is likely the type of antibiotic most people are familiar with. This includes both phenoxymethylpenicillin and amoxicillin. In some cases, treatment with amoxicillin containing clavulanic acid may be recommended to treat the most stubborn bacteria.
Sometimes alternative antibiotics are needed as some bacteria are resistant to the aforementioned penicillins. This makes the medicine less effective. Another reason for choosing a different type of antibiotic may be that the patient is allergic to phenoxymethylpenicillin or amoxicillin. If you have ever had an allergic reaction to antibiotics, you should always inform your dentist before any treatment is performed.
Clindamycin
Clindamycin is effective against a large number of infectious bacteria. According to a study in the International Dental Journal, some researchers have suggested using clindamycin as the first choice of antibiotic when treating dental infections because bacteria have a lower chance of being resistant to clindamycin than to standard penicillin-class antibiotics.
Azithromycin
Azithromycin works for a wide variety of bacteria and helps prevent them from growing. While it may be effective for treating dental infections, dentists usually only recommend azithromycin to people who are allergic or resistant to penicillin-class antibiotics.
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